Japan vs. US economy essays

Japan versus US economy papers The basic role of the financial movement is to profit customer while amplifying riches creation; while the circulation of that riches is of auxiliary significance. 1. U.S economy is moving toward Neoclassical model in which people are accepted to boost their own private intrigue, and business endeavor are required to amplify benefits which bring about a ground-breaking proconsumption predisposition and lack of care toward the social government assistance effect of monetary exercises. - showcase are serious and rivalry ought to be advanced through antitrust and different strategies. - practically any monetary action is allowed - economy is available to the outside world 2. US economy additionally considered as an arrangement of administrative private enterprise. The economy was changed from an exclusive free enterprise to one ruled by enormous oligopolistic companies. 1. Authority over the economy is estranged among the official, administrative and legal parts of the government and between the national government and the fifty states for instance the obligation of monetary framework is shared by the Treasury, the central bank and a few other incredible and autonomous bureaucratic organizations which firmly influenced by activities of the authoritative and legal parts of the legislature. Also, the fifty states challenge the authority of the government over financial strategy and actualize significant arrangements of their own. 2. Another impact of the American state in the economy is the strain among private and open segment. Not exclusively does the antagonistic connection between gov. what's more, business in the US make collaboration troublesome, yet their shared doubts are reflected in American legislative issues. While political preservationist dismiss any solid job for the state in the economy, political dissidents are frightful that personal business intrigue will catch government program so as to plume their own home, which subsequently will create po ... <!

neoplatonism essays

neoplatonism expositions As characterized by Funk and Wagnals, Neoplatonism is a kind of optimistic monism wherein a definitive truth of the universe is held to be a vast, mysterious, flawless One. From this one radiates nous (unadulterated knowledge), whence thus is inferred the world soul, the imaginative action of which induces the lesser spirits of people. The world soul is considered as a picture of the nous, even as the nous is a picture of the One; both the nous and the world soul, in spite of their separation, are in this manner consubstantial with the One. The world soul, be that as it may, in light of the fact that it is middle of the road between the nous and the material world, has the alternative both of protecting its trustworthiness and imaged flawlessness or of getting through and through erotic and degenerate. A similar decision is available to every one of the lesser spirits. When, through obliviousness of its actual nature and personality, the human spirit encounters a misguided feeling of separateness and autonomy, it turns out to be pompously self-self-assured and falls into arousing and corrupted propensities. Salvation for such a spirit is as yet conceivable, the Neoplatonist keeps up, by goodness of the very opportunity of will that empowered it to pick its wicked course. The spirit must converse that course, following the other way the progressive strides of its degeneration, until it is again joined with the source of its being. The genuine gathering is practiced through a mysterious involvement with which the spirit knows an all-invading happiness. Doctrinally, Neoplatonism is described by a clear cut restriction between the otherworldly and the lewd, expounded from Platos dualism of Idea and Matter; by the magical theory of interceding offices, the nous and the world soul, which transmit the perfect force from the One to the many; by a repugnance for the universe of sense; and by the need of freedom from an existence of sense through a thorough plain order. (Funk and Wagnalls) ... <!

Which Parody Essay Topics Work Best?

Which Parody Essay Topics Work Best?Parody is a form of essay writing that can be used for persuasive essay topics. If you are looking for essay topics that will get attention and make you stand out from the crowd, there are several available options that are periodic in nature. Parody is not intended to be a serious essay topic; rather, it is an opportunity to allow you to express yourself. This article will discuss some of the different types of essay topics that use parodies.One of the most popular satiric persuasive essay topics is based on famous celebrities. Today, we live in a world where celebrities have become a very large part of our culture. As a result, it is easy to see why people would be impressed by some of the more silly or ineffectual essays. For example, if you choose to use celebrity spoof essays for your persuasive essay, make sure that your satirical essay focuses on one of the most famous or interesting celebrities.Another way to get attention is to parody popu lar political leaders. While the other types of satiric essays could easily be used for this purpose, politicians are unique in that they have a long history of being depicted in ways that are often satirical. You should be aware, however, that since satire is such a thorny subject, it is generally not appropriate to use a parody based on a politician as a serious piece of writing. Although this type of essay may be entertaining, its content is meant to inform and not to entertain.Celebrity-inspired satire is also sometimes used to parody popular public figures, but often it is used to parody influential figures that are disliked by a large majority of the population. The president of the United States is one of the most common examples of a figure that gets satirized. Popular political figures such as Benjamin Franklin, Winston Churchill, and Napoleon Bonaparte are also often spoofed. While these may seem like bad examples, since they are not actually politicians, they are examples that will likely be found in any persuasive essay topics that are related to celebrities.A third way to use parodies in satirical essay topics is to get on a soapbox and talk about famous actors, musicians, or other people who have worked for decades. By writing about them, you are able to compare them to a famous politician or a famous celebrity, as long as you have a good reason to do so. For example, if you decide to write about actors in a piece that attempts to compare George Clooney to Winston Churchill, you can do so without seeming like you are trying to make a political statement.Parody can also be used to parody other public figures, popular celebrities, and popular public figures, in general. For example, many famous people are used in many different ways: their fame is used to make jokes about, their celebrity status is used to make jokes about, and they are also used as role models. For example, Bill Gates was once a favorite comedic topic, but his role as a philanthro pist has made him something of a target. His name was used in the phrase 'My Personal Bill Gates,' and a non-profit organization that promotes philanthropy had to remove his image from their website because of the negative publicity.It is important to understand that satire is a form of literary criticism that is written by experts; that is, it is best used by those who have a background in literature and have an understanding of how to use the tools of criticism in a creative manner. It is possible to find cleverly written satirical essay topics on the Internet. If you do, make sure that you can make your point clearly, and that you understand how to use your commentary to draw attention and inspire a strong response.So long as you take time to familiarize yourself with the rules and styles of essay writing, it should be relatively easy to create witty and humorous persuasive essay topics. Just be careful to distinguish between satire and sarcasmartype of writing, as different type s of essays use different methods and styles.

Hurricane Devastation Of Hurricane Katrina - 1798 Words

Failure and success dictate an outcome in any given situation, which holds no difference in the the results of Hurricane Katrina, the response between organizations that contributed to one of the greatest natural devastations to occur in the United States, outcome of recovery efforts and obstacles if any, lessons learned, and recommendations and/or improvements to be made to prevent such a disaster from occurring again. Hurricane Katrina was a storm that took us by surprise, impacting Mississippi and Louisiana where damages can still be seen today. With reconstruction that has been going on for more than 10 years, these States just won’t be the same as they once were. Katrina is known as the costliest hurricane to date, estimated in†¦show more content†¦All Government levels failed in the preparation of a storm that was already predicted to happen but because there is no motivation behind mitigation it was put on the back burner which caused over a thousand lives with no room to dispute. There has even been research topics such as FEMA’s Project Impact with the benefits of mitigation and the cost effectiveness. Not to mention the benefits of retrofitting entire cities yet alone the United States as a whole to prevent such disasters from every happening again. Interoperable communication is paramount in emergency response just like communication in the Military’s Chain of Command, between teacher and student aspect or the information that needs to be addressed in work and relationship’s. As we can see with the response to Hurricane Katrina that over 500 organizations took part in, nobody was prepared to coordinate mass entities to work together and that’s what led to the failures of so many trying to accomplish the same goal which led to the failure on all fronts of the government. The main focus of the response phase was evacuation, delivering critical supplies like food, water and medicine. Recovering bodies and prov iding mortuary services, conducting medical services, restoring public safety-because let’s face it, on top of all the destruction and lives lost-certain types of people think it’s fair game to loot and cause more violence instead of helping one another. Restoring communications andShow MoreRelatedHurricane Devastation Of Hurricane Katrina762 Words   |  4 PagesHurricane Katrina Scandal Without doubt, Hurricane Katrina has been the major catastrophe of the century suffered in the United States. The category 5 hurricane which at first was on course to hit Florida drifted into the Gulf of Mexico taking a direct route to New Orleans. On his way, the hurricane left hundreds of dead, affected hundreds of thousands and left billions of dollars in damage. The largest number of deaths occurred in New Orleans where the hurricane hit the hardest and which was floodedRead MoreThe Devastation Of The Hurricane Katrina1837 Words   |  8 PagesStates of America, Hurricane Katrina was known as one of the worst hurricanes in the world. The hurricane was a combination of tropical waters and gushing winds. It was the vicious hurricane that caused severe damage to the citizens of the United States of America. The amazing city known for its southern style, Cajun cuisines, jazz music and its celebration of Mardi Gras will never be the same. New Orleans, Louisiana was changed forever in August 2005 when this category five hurricane left the city devastatedRead MoreHurricane Devastation Of Hurricane Katrina2083 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Hurricane Katrina is known for being the most dangerous and murderous hurricane that occurred on August of 2005. It was formed by a tropical wave that moved from the coast of Africa to the Gulf Coast. According to hurricanes they are distinguished by five different categories, the fifth being the strongest. The tropical wave turned into a hurricane under the fifth category that destroyed thousands of homes and killed thousands of people. Hurricane Katrina destroyed New Orleans hardestRead MoreHurricane Devastation Of Hurricane Katrina1355 Words   |  6 PagesHurricane Katrina Natural disaster often happens anywhere in the world, However we may have time to evacuate if we get warnings such as earthquakes, tsunami etc. Hurricanes happen without having time to let people evacuate. This report will provide information about the hurricane Katrina that took place in August 28 2005. This report will provide information from different source that is provided online and in the library which will show information before the storm and flooding, during the stormRead MoreHurricane Devastation Of Hurricane Katrina1928 Words   |  8 PagesHurricane Katrina A study has shown throughout the years the effects of hurricane Katrina can still be seen. The death toll of this hurricane alone was devastating and left many people homeless, more than 800,000 housing units were destroyed or damaged in the storm. As stated, â€Å"Katrina is the costliest U.S hurricane, with estimated damage over $81 billion.† http://www.hurricanescience.org/history/studies/katrinacase/impacts/. After the effects of this catastrophic storm, the red-cross had an enormousRead MoreHurricane Devastation Of Hurricane Katrina1807 Words   |  8 PagesHurricane Katrina was one of the deadliest hurricanes in United States history. Hurricane Katrina was by far the most destructive storm to strike the United States with the actual cost of Hurricane Katrina’s damage between $96-125 billion. An estimated 1,836 people died and millions of others were left homeless along the gulf coast and in New Orleans. With homes virtually destroyed, thousands of people abandone d the area which in turn caused thousands of jobs to disappear. New Orleans lost 190,000Read MoreHurricane Devastation Of Hurricane Katrina Essay2191 Words   |  9 Pageschange forever. A vicious storm called Hurricane Katrina was about to sweep through the Gulf Coast. Not only was this storm big, but it was the 5th greatest hurricane in the history of the United States, and took millions of people by surprise. This storm ruined people’s homes, and lives in less than 24 hours, and nothing would ever be the same again. It seemed like any normal day for people all over the Gulf Coast, until they get the news of a soon coming hurricane that is ranked at a category 3, butRead MoreEssay on The Cause of the Devastation of Hurricane Katrina927 Words   |  4 Pageshistorical event of Hurricane Katrina, a category three hurricane with winds ranging from 111-130 mph, in August 2005 revealed major structural failures in the levee systems of New Orleans. Though not all structural failures are as catastrophic, the breeched levees led to loss of life, homes, businesses, highways, and left a trail of destruction that is still being repaired today. The result of this failure led to lawsuits, conspiracy theories, and court cases. Hurricane Katrina had a major effectRead MoreTaking a Look at Hurricane Katrina615 Words   |  3 PagesHurricane Katrina will always be remembered for the devastation it caused, my close friends, the Adams family knows this better than anyone else. My family has been close friend s with the Adams for nearly my whole life, the thing that stood out about them the most was their passion to help others and their obsession for the New Orleans Saints. The Adams have numerous relatives who live in Louisiana, including their parents on the father’s side. The parents live just twenty minutes south of New OrleansRead MoreEmergency Planning And Response Plan1190 Words   |  5 Pagesdevastating disasters which have been witnessed and catalogued; with concentration on hydrologic incidents, of which the most notorious being the tropical hurricane. Although through the recorded history there have been a multitude of severe impacts and landfalls of tropical hurricanes, in recent times the most memorable is Hurricane Katrina. This storm devastated the greater New Orleans area and the outlining communities surrounding the area, and emphasized the problematic areas of their emergency

The World Wars Of The 20th Century Essay - 2152 Words

Introduction To start this essay, I want to ask a simple question: What is the meaning of peace? By peace I mean the absence of war, a condition of harmony between all nations and states. It means the elimination of all catastrophic world wars, regional wars, and civil wars. The 20th century was the most murderous in recorded history. The total number of deaths caused by or associated with its wars has been estimated at 187 million, the equivalent of more than 10% of the world s population in 1913. Taken as having begun in 1914, it was a century of almost unbroken war, with few and brief periods without organized armed conflict somewhere. It was dominated by world wars: that is to say, by wars between territorial states or alliances of states. In four years over 16 million people died. This topic is extremely fascinating, because this topic doesn’t only present the present; instead it also presents the past and the effects in the future. And there is a controversy of people thinking the UN is helpful or people thinking that is inoperable. And by writing this essay I hope that I will change people’s perspective towards the UN Statistics from the United Nation shows that: †¢ The NATO attack on Serbia in 1999 during the Kosovo war killed more animals than people. †¢ Annual global spending on military is more than $1.3 trillion (45% by USA) My purpose is to identify, and recognize the uses of UN, and they have been helping the world. I will do so by looking at the UN, warShow MoreRelatedWorld At War, The 20th Century2947 Words   |  12 PagesHI270- World at War, The 20th Century Dr. Pursell July 02, 2015 The Name May Change, the Pain Remains the Same A HISTORY OF WARTIME POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS IN THE 20TH CENTURY ​ ​War takes a toll on those who fight, or are affected by it, this is undeniable. Over the course of the 20th Century, within the U.S. Military and Psychiatric Community the way that this effect is identified and treated has changed many times based on the conflict and the mindset of the American public. The purpose of thisRead MorePropaganda During The 20th Century And The Onset Of World War1741 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States’ first large-scale wartime experience with propaganda in its semi-modern form of ‘yellow journalism’ took place during the Spanish-American War , primitive forms of it have existed since the days of â€Å"the tattoo-covered Caddo warrior, whose body attests to every victory, accomplishment, or god worshiped† and â€Å"Hannibal’s titanic war elephants advancing across the Italian plain.† Even â€Å"the ‘rebel yells’ of Confederate soldiers proclaiming that a charge was about to ensue† can be consideredRead MoreWorld War I Was The War That Shaped The Future Of The 20th Century Essay865 Words   |  4 Pages World War I was the war that shaped the future of the 20th century and is what helped make the United States becom e a Super power. Since its Independence the United States had taken a stance of isolationism from conflicts in Europe and Asia. To further assert their stance on isolationism the United States passed the Monroe Doctrine in 1823 which stated that any attempt by a European nation to colonize or interfere with North and South American would be seen as an act of aggression. The UnitedRead MoreThe impact of World War 1 on Japanese development in the early 20th century2503 Words   |  11 PagesAssess the impact of World War 1 on Japanese development in the early 20th century.World War 1 and its aftermath, together with the great Tokyo earthquake of 1923, brought profound changes in social, intellectual, and urban consciousness. (Jansen 496)World War 1 caused many changes in the nation of Japan, both positive and negative. The whole infrastructure of the country altered imme nsely during the early 20th century, even when compared to the drastic modernisation of the Meiji RestorationRead MoreThe First World War Was Regarded As The Most Notable Period Of The 20th Century1404 Words   |  6 PagesBedford Boys The Second World War was regarded as the most notable period of the 20th century. The war resulted in significant benefits in technology particularly in the weaponry and other battlefield activities and laid the foundation that allowed post-war social transformation including the end of European colonialism, the civilian rights crusades in the United States, and the modern feminist rights movement, as well as the space exploration programs. The major players in the war were the Axis nationsRead MoreIntroduction: The Second World War was arguably the most significant period of the 20th century600 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction: The Second World War was arguably the most significant period of the 20th century; occurring from 1939 - 1945. The most destructive war in all of history, its exact cost in human lives is unknown, but casualties in World War II may have totalled 50 million service personnel and civilians killed. The primary combatants were the Axis nations and the Allied na tions. The Allies were the victors. Two superpowers, the USA and USSR, emerged from World War II to begin a Cold War with each other thatRead MoreHuman Progress in the Twentieth Century Despite Two World Wars953 Words   |  4 Pages The world in the 20th century went through the destruction of World War I and World War II and the hazard of a nuclear war in the course of the Cold War and coped to revolutionize themselves with essential developments within their societies. The world, as a whole, has advanced more than it has suffered during the turbulent 20th century because of the advancements of innovations and human right, despite the demolition of the two World Wars. The 20th century inflicted the greatest suffering to theRead MoreHuman Rights Are The Rights One Is Entitled To Based On1232 Words   |  5 Pageslaw. The most significant of these laws and documents emerged after the 20th century, due to the atrocities that occurred during that time - war, genocide, expulsion, and mass sterilization – and in particular, focused on the rights of women and racial minorities. While the rights of sexual minorities were also impacted, this essay will only examine the rights of women and racial minorities in the context of the main 20th century horrors because they were the two groups most affected by these horrorsRead More All Quiet on the Western Front Essay858 Words   |  4 PagesAll Quiet on the Western Front The 19th century view of war expressed that it was the most honorable and glorious event that a man could participate in. This romantic viewpoint was quick to change after World War I. In addition, Erich Maria Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front further illustrated the ghastly nature of war. His descriptive writing portrays the graphic details of reality, leaving the readers of the 20th century in shock. Since Remarque was the first author of his timeRead MoreThe United States And The American Century989 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout the 19th century, the United States concentrates on expanding its reach into foreign markets and colonization of foreign territories. After fighting Spain for Cuba and the Philippines, along with the annexation of Hawaii and other territories, the Unites States have become a minor imperial power. The 1920s is a time of wealth and prosperity for America and they try to avoid any more involvement in foreign entanglements, but WWI engages the U.S. in European affairs, leaving Americans

The United States Secret Service - 1112 Words

The United States Secret Service is one of the oldest federal law enforcement agencies in the country, and one of the most elite in the world. Secret Service’s mission is to protect the president, vice president and others; and investigations into crimes against the financial infrastructure of the United States (USSS History. (n.d.). By law, the Secret Service is authorized to protect the president, vice president, the president elect, and vice president elect. The immediate families of those individuals, former presidents, their spouses, children of former presidents until age sixteen. The Secret Service is also authorized to protect National Security Events, visiting heads of foreign states, and major presidential and vice presidential†¦show more content†¦(n.d.). The Secret Service is important to criminal justice administration because they have a jurisdiction to investigate threat against Secret Service protectees as well as financial crimes. Crimes such as count erfeiting of U.S currency or other U.S government obligations; forgery, theft of U.S treasury checks, bonds and other securities; credit card fraud; telecommunications fraud; computer fraud; identity fraud and other crimes that affect federal financial institutions. The United States Attorney’s Office and the Secret Service work closely together as well in protective and investigation matters (FAQs. (n.d.). To even be considered for Secret Service Agent you must be a U.S Citizen. Twenty one years of age at the time of the application and younger than thirty seven at the time the job offer is made to you. If you’re a veteran you must be at least twenty one years of age as well as and younger than forty years old at the time the position is offered to you. A current and valid driver’s license is needed. High school diploma or equivalent. Qualify for the GL-07 level which in other words is a bachelor’s degree from and accredited college or university with su perior academic achievement, or a GL-09 level which is a master’s degree with superior academic achievement. The vision qualifications for this position require uncorrected vision no worse than 20/60 binocular, or

American Slavery free essay sample

Give and explain three reasons why African slaves were brought to North America before American independence in 1776? Word count: 1630 Depleted land In Barbados forced planters and slaves to establish new sugar plantations in the southern states of North America. With this move came the discovery Of an untouched and fertile continent ripe for colonization. European nations raced to secure a piece of the new world. This new land provided an opportunity to strengthen the economy of the European nations thereby giving them the means to protect their empires.Initially slaves were required to fulfill the labor demand of setting up colonies in North America. This included building family farms and plantations. Once colonies in North America became well established the colonists began to diversify their crops. This increased the need for labor encouraging the Atlantic slave trade to prosper. The number of slaves required could only be met from Africa. No other continent was as easily accessible or offered such a robust race of people to cope with slavery. Europeans established a strong economy by trading African slaves across the Atlantic to North America.Slavery was a self- perpetuating industry until the declaration of independence was written. The declaration forced the states to re-examine their ideas about freedom and what they wanted freedom to look like in their new nation. Labor was a driving force in bringing such large numbers of African slaves to North America. The first colonists required a large amount of labor to create family farms . This included clearing land, building barns, houses and fences, planting crops and raising herds of livestock. Once the family farms were established they became less demanding on time.The settlers used their newfound free time to experiment with new crops. The need for more slaves grew as the settlers diversified their production activities. In the Chesapeake tobacco was the primary crop grown for export to Europe. When war in Europe and low prices slowed the demand for tobacco the colonists turned to wheat and rye to maintain their trading economy. Local trading between colonies was also started as a result of the growing range of goods and produce coming from each estates. Sugar was the initial produce to come from the southern States.As the African slaves showed their prowess for litigating rice it replaced the supply of sugars. There was more variety in the use of slaves in the middle colonies. As well as clearing land and working on farms some slaves were put to use in construction, maintenance of public buildings and forts 1 IPPP. Pre-American slavery had a different priority. Slaves in the Ottoman empire were used for the day to day running of households or as concubines to provide legitimate heirs, 10. Some slaves would be taught the appropriate cultural skills for their intended location.This might include such things as Jewish dietary laws, singing, dancing and new languages. In the Ottoman Empire the demanding physical labor was carried out by tenants rather than slaves. Tenants would pay a percentage of their profit to their masters. Slaves in the Ottoman Empire were more commonly captured during raids or campaigning. Religion provided some motivation for taking slaves in the Ottoman Empire as a means for gathering more followers. The intention was either to convert them or punish them for their sins if they would not convert.Conversion did not necessarily result In freedom. However a converted slave could now marry someone of the same religion giving them a slight rise in statuses. Jews and Muslims maintained similar structures in that Slave could freed after a set period of time usually one or two years. A slave might also be able buy their freedom if they could produce the original amount they were purchased for 10. None of these ideals prevailed in North America. Instead the priority for physical labor determined the type and number of slaves being brought from Africa. Africa provided a favorable solution to the lack of white indentured slaves immigrating to North America. Without sufficient numbers of indentured servants there was not enough labor available to keep up with demand 1 peg 48. Mastering the prevailing winds of the Atlantic Ocean led traders down the West African coastline providing easy access to slavishness-22, 13. The primary winds blow in a clockwise direction over the North Atlantic and an anticlockwise direction over the South Atlantic. Secondary trade winds carry ships closer to shore all the way up and down both sides of the Atlantic 13.European traders could easily sail in a triangle down the West African coast, across the Atlantic to the Americas and back up to Europe. Coastal Africans were particularly vulnerable to European slavers because their sedentary lifestyle left them defenseless Pl 346. As the Europeans competed for trade between the three continents Africans recognized the demand for slaves. They responded by setting up their own trade caravans bringing slaves from inland regions to the seacoasts. They could easily trade slaves with European ships in return for desirable goods and spices.As well as an easily accessible location Africa provided a race of people who were more cooperative in nature pop than Indians or white slaves. Indians were defiant due to the lack of a tribal structure and the inability to continue practicing their religion. Unlike Africans the Indian slaves could not monomaniac with the Europeans. White indentured servants were also more demanding than African Slaves. After serving for a set period of time the indentured servant would expect not only his freedom but also some land in return for his services. The African slave also possessed a higher immunity to diseases.Previous exposure to yellow fever and malaria provided immunity for Africans making them more desirable than Whiteness or Indians. Indians could escape to back to their homes and indentured white servants could run away and blend into society. Black slaves could do neither of these things pop. Blending in was impossible due to their appearance and they had no way of getting back home without passage on a ship and proof of freedom IPPP. Africa provided both the best and the most cost effective resource of labor for the new world. Africans slaves were more economical than white or Indian slaves. Pa. An African slave cost the same amount as a white slave but the white slave would only serve for his period of time and then expect land. The African slave was bought for the duration of his life 0. Indian slaves Were not cost effective because they quickly fell victim to the level of demanding labor coupled with poor diet and a lack of immunity against disease. With their pre- disposed immunity Africans lived three to five times longer than white servants. This provided a better return for the owner since the period of productivity was extended. As the economies of the colonies flourished slavery became an economy in itself. Inhabitants of the northern colonies learned that slaves could not earn enough through labor to cover their own costs 2. The land was barren and the climate not favorable for planting. The close proximity of slaves to one another in towns made it easier for them to plan rebellions. Instead of putting slaves to labor the northern colonies made an industry out of selling African slaves to the west Indies. Slavery flourished in the southern states because of the fertility of the soil and the mild climate 2.Owning slaves also raised social status in the South. A person who could afford slaves was seen as wealthy and therefore respected and influentially. The conflicting ideals about slavery between north and south were realized with the writing of the declaration of independence. The northern colonies started to consider that slavery went against the very freedoms they were trying to establishing 20. The first few lines of the declaration were a complete contradiction to the institution of slavery. The end of slavery did not come immediately with the declaration in IPPP 120.However around thirty years after the declaration of independence slavery was abolished in the northern colonies 20. Although it took another eighty years the southern States eventually followed suites 20. The creation of the declaration of independence led to the realization in northern states that slavery contradicted the intended vision of freedom for the United States. The heavy reliance on slaves in the southern states caused hem to argue that freedom granted the right to own slaves. The decision to avoid addressing slavery in the constitution meant that each individual state could write their own laws about the ownership of slaves.African slaves proved to be the best source for North America in both cost and quality. African slaves could provide a return on their cost within a year of purchase where it might take 10 years to regain the cost of a white servant. Immunity against disease coupled with the ability to cope with the demanding physical labor made Africans good stock for slavery. The added benefit to using laves from Africa was that they could not simply run away. They would be easily recognized and had no way of getting home. Labor was the primary reason to search for slaves.Upon arrival in North America settlers had to clear land in order to create room for farms. Building farms, raising herds of livestock and creating large plantations was also laborious work. Once farms were established settlers could turn their attention to diversifying produce and making goods for both regional and international trade. The required amount of labor could only be met with African slaves. There were not enough white servants immigrating to the colonies and they were too expensive. Indians proved troublesome because they were too defiant and could easily run away back to their homes.Slavery was not a new institution created by the colonies. However the social, political and economical structure of slavery in North America was unique to any that existed before it.

Project Management Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), Its Accomplishments, Constraints, and Current Reform In Relation To Project Management in the Nigerian Power Sector

Executive Summary This research work is designed to investigate energy industry in Nigeria, particularly the Power Holding Company of Nigeria’s dealings in terms of project management. Essentially, the study will focus on a variety of issues pertaining the company’s accomplishments, constraints, and current reforms in the power industry.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Project Management: Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), Its Accomplishments, Constraints, and Current Reform In Relation To Project Management in the Nigerian Power Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The study will be titled â€Å"Project Management: Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), Its Accomplishments, Constraints and Current Reform In Relation To Project Management in The Nigerian Power Sector†. It is of the idea of finding out how project management has been conducted, challenges involved, and eventually successes achieved. The objective of the study will be to highlight the importance of PHCN, its achievements since formation, investigate the growth or decline the power sector, investigate challenges faced, and study the current reforms being undertaken, as well as their benefits. Relevant data for this research topic will be sourced from a number of sources both primary and secondary sources. A descriptive method of study will be employed for this research. Questionnaires will be issued to the staff in the organization, where 210 people will participate. A sample of 140 will be drawn from this population. Chi-square test will be used to test the validity of the hypothesis. Background The inability of most of the countries in Africa to provide access to power to most of its citizens has been considered as the curse on development (Okoro, Chikuni 2007 p. 125). Energy is particularly crucial for any country that wants to achieve sustainable development. Many developed cities across the world have seen those kinds of tremendous growths because of availability and access to energy (Barnett Rolando, 2002, p. 177). The availability to a number of sectors of the country always determines the rate and level of development of that country. Energy is an indispensable element of transforming a subsidence economy to a service-oriented or production economy (Ekpo, Iyoha 2007, p.127). Energy has vast impact on education, manufacturing and production, service health, transport, housing and other demography. The need for safe and reliable source of energy has inspired countries to establish companies that would enable them to produce, and distribute energy. One of such companies is the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (Ekpo, Iyoha 2007, p.127).Advertising Looking for proposal on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lack of access to these energy sources can cause and increase in poverty. For instanc e, people would spend a lot of time seeking cheap and available sources like firewood and charcoal for cooking and lighting (Barnett Rolando, 2002, p. 177). These cause so much emission hence not friendly for the environment. Furthermore, cheap sources can cause health risks for instance use of paraffin and coal, as they require exceptionally large ventilation to burn. The best energy alternative has been electricity as it is clean and remarkably efficient. Its development in Nigeria goes back to the late 19th century. During that time, in 1898, the first electricity generating company was built in Lagos. According to Okoro and Chikuni (2007), â€Å"Distribution of power was a bit poor until 1950s since, the pattern of electricity lines was a few individual electricity power undertakings scattered across urban centres† (p.125). Few of those undertakings were public works departments, and municipal councils (Ekpo, Iyoha 2007, p.127). The power Holding company of Nigeria (PHC N) reserves the authority to produce and distribute electricity. The company has an installed capacity of 4,200 MW, a target it never reaches. At the best moments, the company produces 3,300 MW. Only 40% of the population has access to electricity, and it gets worse in rural areas where only 10% of people have access to electricity (Hall 2006, p. 7; Ariyo, Jerome 2004, p.5). Research Aims The goal of the research will be to investigate the accomplishments, challenges and the current reforms that PHCN faced during its project management endeavours. This case study helps in understanding how the organization has been performing since its inception in terms of power production and distribution in the country. Specific aims of the research included the following:Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Project Management: Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), Its Accomplishments, Constraints, and Current Reform In Relation To Project Management in the Nigerian Powe r Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To investigate the importance, achievements or the benefits of PHCN formation To examine the growth and decline of the power production and distribution To investigate the current reforms in the power sector and recommend appropriate strategies that could better in the current power production and distribution Objectives The objective of the study was to analyze the project management of the PHCN in Nigeria. The other objectives of the research will be; To study the various regimes the power sector has gone through and the accomplishments achieved by each of these regimes To determining the impact of the formation and functioning of PHCN on the power sector in Nigeria To investigate the strengths and challenges of PHCN in all sectors of PHCN Questions Significance This research will be immensely beneficial to every sector in Nigeria’s economy particularly the PHCN and its management need to establish a policy, which will ensure efficient and effective power production and distribution (Ibitoye, Adenikinju 2007, p. 501). The study will help to highlight the challenges that plague PHCN. The state owned organization (PHCN) will be able to use this research to assess its efficiency and means of working so that it can make amendments in its project management strategies where necessary. This viewpoint will help managers to develop ideas and solution to the said challenges hence coming up with the best ways to manage its projects. The study hopes to arouse more study into the functional departments of the company by scholars hence broadening research resources. Therefore, the research will be of immense benefit to managers and researches as a point of reference for study and decision-making. Literature Review To be able to understand the position of Nigeria’s power sector in a practical context, it is pertinent to have a brief review of the PHCN developments to offer more insight in the industry since its inception (Ibitoye, Adenikinju 2007, p. 501). Brief History of PHCN Decree number 24 of April 1972 formed the National Electric Power Authority (NEPA) formed following the merging of the Niger Dam Authority and the Electricity Corporation of Nigeria (ECN) (Hall 2006, p. 7). The 2005 unbinding of NEPA led to the formation of Power Holding Company of Nigeria. NEPA had been established to maintain efficient and coordinated power supply to every part of the country. Regardless of the problems that NEPA faced after its formation, the organization was able to make significant developments in the country’s socio-economic development. This saw Nigeria advance unusually fast into the industrial society.Advertising Looking for proposal on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Importance of PHCN The power production and distribution industry in Nigeria is under the management of the Power Holding Company of Nigeria. The power sector has seen a number of transformation thought that has not been enough to increase its supply of power to the people and still the supply fall below 40% (Okoro, Chikuni 2007 p. 125). However, some few merits of PHCN have been identified as follows: The power holding company of Nigeria has significantly improved the electricity billing system and clients can now settle their bill conveniently and via a much easier process (PHCN 2004, p.1). As a result, bank revenue-collection system was introduced to complement the collection of cash from the PHCN counters. This program has enabled facilitation of prompt and regular settlement of the monthly power bills. This has been made possible by the fact that customers are no longer required to travel out of their residential areas to towns to pay electricity bills (PHCN 2004, p.1). Custom er service has improved due to institutionalization of the business. There is full and accurate settling of bills and the staff is more motivated to do their job (PHCN 2004, p.1). Company Background in Various Regimes and Achievements Supply of electricity commenced after formation of two small generating set to light up Lagos. By 1951, ECN was established by act of parliament to oversee the distribution. The Niger Dams Authority (NDA) was established after construction of a hydropower station of R. Niger in 1968, to distribute power (ESI 2004, p.18). The two bodies merged in 1972 to become NEPA. NEPA was unbundled to institute power reforms to be renamed Power Holding Company of Nigeria in 2005 (Ekpo 2008, p.78). NEPA was state owned organization vertically integrated power management firm. The organization has the authority to produce, transmit, and distribute electricity. As a public utility company, NEPA has been able to tap the country’s large water potentials to increas es power production (Anoruo 2004, p.2). The NDA was able to construct vital dams in Nigeria including Kainji, Afam, Delta, Jebba, Egbin Shiroro and Sapele power stations (ESI 2004, p.18). The Sapele and Afam thermal stations also add to the energy source in Nigeria. NEPA was able to fulfil its role of developing and maintaining an efficient and coordinated distribution of power through the federation (Anoruo 2004, p.2). NEPA enjoyed the quasi-commercialization status and building six main power stations increasing generation of power to 3,450 MW (Adoghe 2008, p.78). However, even with these achievements, the population and power needs grew exceptionally fast in Nigeria that the company could not meet the target. It hence needed more power stations to boost production (Anoruo 2004, p.2). Because of the unbundling process, NEPA became PHCN following the Power reform bill signed into law by President Olesugun Obasanjo (Jenide 2005, p.6). The policy decree provided the legal and regulat ory guideline for the new strategies of commercial power generation and distribution. Private companies were also allowed to be involved in the production, transmission, and distribution of power. PHCN made some advances even amidst myriads of problems (Ariyo, Jerome 2004, p.6). The organization saw more additional thermal stations constructed. As already highlighted in previous paragraphs, thus body saw the development of better billing system increasing collection and making billing more efficient. The PHCN is now separated into six power generation companies and eleven power distribution companies. All these firms will be privatized (Ikeme, Ebohon 2005, p.1214). Logistics and union problems are some of the huddles delaying the process. Reforms and Constraints The inability of the PHCN to achieve the target power target has inspired reforms. The law initiating these reforms was signed in 2005 – the Nigerian Electric Power Sector reform act. The decree stipulates that ther e be a Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commissions (NERC) (Jenide 2005, p.7). The commission will function to regulate the energy system ensuring that there is efficient, fair, and organized competitive power market while at the same time shielding the public interest (Ikeme, Ebohon 2005, p.1214). NERC has been privatization of the utility company. This has been slow to take off since the public feels that; unguided privatization will cause skyrocketing prices making poor people more vulnerable (Chikwendu 2006, p.45). Something the organization should be seeking to increase. The famous power sector reform has been seen as an effort to propel the economy in some direction. The problem is, however, whether timing is correct (Jenide 2005, p.7). Some critics doubt whether the process was given adequate thought and scrutiny. The reforms are intended to improve the power sector to a level of attracting private sector participation, enlarge production capacity, improve service delivery ma king them more efficient, and encourage capital investors. However, even within the construction of new power stations, the reforms have not seen the expected results yet (Ezigbo 2004, p.104). Hypothesis Based on the research objective developed for this study, the following hypotheses will be used; Ho – the various regimes PHCN has gone through have not attained significant benefits Ha1 – the PHCN has had a positive impact on Nigeria’s power sector Ha 2 – the PHCN has had benefits to Power sector despite challenges Proposed Data Analysis Plan: Theoretical Framework For quite a long time, Nigeria has not seen the development and advances it expected to see in its energy sector even with several reforms it established. Theoretical frameworks will be used to investigate a number of topics that may have caused or resulted into the benefits seen with each regime of power management. The method is beneficial in that it will help in critical evaluation of the t heoretical assumption; it will connect the investigator with existing knowledge then guide him/her to a new discovery based on the hypothesis. The main questions of why and how are answered allowing the researcher a straightforward description of a phenomenon observed like poor power generation amidst reforms. Methodology Research design: The study shall employ a descriptive survey method for investigation. It is deemed paramount to determine the process and method of study, since it will offer better background information to the readers enabling them to do better evaluation and understand how conclusions were deduced. Both primary and secondary sources of data will be used for the study. Primary data will be collected via interviews of the PHCN employees while secondary data will include literature on PHCN from the library and the internet. Population of study will be employees of the company and some consumers of electricity. Data collection method will be a questionnaire. Antici pated Problems and Timetable (Gantt chart) The researcher anticipates few problems with regard to conducting the study. He anticipated lack of access to some important information from company employees as government utilities are cautious with giving out information. Financial and time constraints are likely to limit the study. Research Timeline Task Time Defining The Topic and Consulting Supervisors Mar 4 – Mar 6 2012 Developing Research Questions collection of literature Mar 5 – Mar 15, 2012 Preparation of the Research Proposal Mar 18 – Mar 25, 2012 Presentation of The Research Proposal Mar 26, 2012 Literature review or Secondary Research Mar 28 – Apr 4, 2012 Finalization Of Research Methods And Plan Apr 4 – Apr 8, 2012 Presentation of the Proposal to University Research Department for correction and approval Apr 10, 2012 Submission of Proposal To Ethical issues regulatory agency Apr 11, 2012 Organizing Travelling, Obtaini ng Contacts, and Making the Budget For Research Apr 12 – Apr 13, 2012 Receiving Authorization From Ethical issues agency Apr 15, 2012 Carrying Out Pilot Research and Writing Up the results Apr 16 – Apr 13, 2012 Revising Research Methodology In Light Of Pilot study Jun 14, 2012 Carrying Out of the Research Jun 15 – Jun 29, 2012 Analyzing the Findings And Mapping Out the Presentation And Thesis Jun 30 – Jul 6, 2012 Writing the First Draft and consulting with supervisor Jun 7 – Jun 10, 2012 Writing the Final Draft Jun 11 – Jun 13, 2012 Consulting with Examiners and time for the Supervisor And Research Office to Make Consultation with Examiners Jun 14 – Jun 18, 2012 Preparing the Final Thesis For Submission and time for the Supervisor to evaluate Readiness For Submission Jun 19 – Jun 21, 2012 Submission of the Thesis Jun 24, 2012 Conclusion Conclusion For a number of years, regardless of the consisted investm ent by the government into the power sector, the country has experienced power outages and the public is not convinced that this is normal there are complaints that the tariffs reduced compared to cost of power production. To end all these problems, the state instituted power reforms and the main one has been the privatization of the state owned PHCN. This measure is intended to curb production, stop financial losses, and make efficient power distribution. Reference List Adoghe, A. U., 2008. Power Sector Reforms in Nigeria – Likely Effects on Power Reliability and Stability in Nigeria. [Online] Web. Anoruo, C., 2004. Unbundling and Its Dynamics. NEPA News, March-May. Ariyo, A., Jerome, A., 2004. Utility Privatization and the Poor: Nigeria in Focus. In HBS Global Issues Papers NO.12. [Online] Available at Barnett, S., Rolando, O., 2002. Operational Aspects of Fiscal Policy in Oil-Producing Countries. Working Paper No. WP/02/177. Washington DC: International Monetary Fund. C hikwendu, C., 2006. Engendering Nigerian Energy Policy. Paper Prepared For The UN Commission On Sustainable Development. ENERGIA – International Network on Gender and Sustainable Energy. Leusden. Ekpo, I. E., Iyoha, M.O., 2007. Nigeria’s Power Sector: Progress, Problems and Prospects. The International Journal on Hydropower and Dams, 14(6), pp. 127. Ekpo, I., 2008. Challenges of Hydropower Development in Nigeria. Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources paper No. 262, pp.76-80. ESI, 2004. Attracting Investment and Sustaining Development. Privatizing the Nigerian Electricity Sector. [Online] Web. Ezigbo, O., 2004. Nigeria: Expanding NEPA’s Generation Capacity: Dream or Reality? This Day Newspaper, pp. 104. Hall, D., 2006. Water and Electricity in Nigeria. [Online] Available at: http://www.psiru.org/index.html. Ibitoye, F. I., Adenikinju, A., 2007. Future Demand for Electricity in Nigeria, Applied Energy Journal, 84(5), pp. 492-504. Ikeme, J., Eboho n, O. J., 2005. Nigeria’s Electric Power Sector Reform: What Should Form the Key Objectives? Energy Policy, 33(9), pp. 1213-1221. Jenide, A., 2005. Understanding the Electric Power sector Reform Act. The Guardian, 6, pp. 6-9. Okoro, O. L., Chikuni, E., 2007. Power Sector Reforms in Nigeria: Opportunities and Challenges. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa, 18(3), pp. 123-132. PHCN, 2004. Customer Service Charter: PHCN Nigeria. [Online] Web. This proposal on Project Management: Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), Its Accomplishments, Constraints, and Current Reform In Relation To Project Management in the Nigerian Power Sector was written and submitted by user Kimber A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Outline for a Term Paper

Outline for a Term Paper Outline for a Term Paper Outline for a Term Paper Outline for a term paper is a very important element of term paper writing. Outline should be written before you start writing a term paper.   Outline will help you set the direction for the term paper writing. Using custom term paper writing services, outline is delivered for free!   site unites professional native English writers who are able to help you with term paper writing on any topic!   Our paper writing blog is free and has numerous samples and writing tips. Term Paper Sample: Free Excerpt Part of the downward trend of fertility since 1957 was a result of the compressed fertility of the baby boom. Although it is not known whether today's young couples will have appreciably fewer children than couples born during the Depression years, there are two new facts in the picture today which point toward the probability of smaller families. The first is the continuation of the relationship described by Easterlin between fertility on the one hand and the supply of and demand for labor on the other. The bumper crops of babies are now maturing and swelling the ranks of job seekers and their competitive position is much less favorable than that of their counterparts in the late forties who entered the labor force in small numbers in a rapidly expanding economy. The second factor is the Pill. There is absolutely no evidence that the advent of the Pill initiated the decline in fertility; quite the contrary, the trend was evident for several years before the Pill was used by enough women to have made any substantial impact. But by 1964 this was no longer the case and by 1969 perhaps as many as a third of married couples were using this sophisticated contraceptive. The significance of the use of this method goes beyond its high degree of effectiveness in preventing unwanted fertility. The fact of its popularity among the young means that couples are adopting this method before, as well as early in, marriage, they are developing the contraceptive habit soon enough that increasing proportions of young couples are making decisions about first and second births that were formerly left to chance. This means not only that the length of time between births is increased, but also that the attitudes of successful family planning may be carried over into the later childbearing years. Moreover, an important by-product of postponing early childbearing is that it exposes the woman more to alternative interests potentially competitive with the mother role, such as working; this should also operate to reduce fertility further. One additional observation about the near future is also in order. Not only is research on new improved contraception progressing rapidly but the possibility of legalized abortion throughout the country seems closer at this moment than it has ever been closer indeed than anyone would have guessed even a year or so ago. And if that happens, as it well may, the fertility rate will undoubtedly decline further if the level of unwanted births has remained at anything like the rate estimated for the early 1960's. Term Paper Help Online Term paper writing service is qualitative help.   Using custom term paper assistance, you get a number of free pages: outline, cover page, and references.   Our educated writers can handle virtually any topic and they are never late with paper delivery!   Our term paper writing services are affordable.

Compare and contrast the idealism of Lenin and woodrow Wilson in terms Essay

Compare and contrast the idealism of Lenin and woodrow Wilson in terms of how they conceived and tried to implement a better world - Essay Example Both these leaders had different vision pertaining to reforms enabling the formation of a better society and a better world. An in-depth study of their vision would definitely formulate a rich comparative study joining the two separate halves of the world into one philosophical and theoretical unit. There is no doubt upon the fact that by the closing years of the Cold war era, Vladimir Lenin and Woodrow Wilson emerged as the two great revolutionary and political leaders of the world captivating and controlling the world’s two most powerful blocks. Both the leaders were distinguishingly different both in their means and in their ends. The ideological difference of Wilson and Lenin was actually about the emerging difference between evolution and revolution. It was a clash between liberalism and communism. The organic thought process from the Burke’s school of thought on one hand and the idealistic thought process from the Marxian school of thought became glaringly evident in their ideologies. Wilson’s vision regarding the formulation of a better world was through the fulfillment of the progressive history. And much contrary to it, Lenin viewed it as a transition, an age that is quite critical in nature apprehensive of a degeneration of an older order and indication of a violent future. Lenin tried to implement a discourse pertaining to progressive revolution which he defines as inevitable in the history of the struggle of mankind. At this point, the contention of Wilson was different from that of Lenin. He viewed it as autocratic derailing of natural constitutional development. In their ideology and world vision, the realm where Wilson showed his calm and poise, Lenin displayed his aggression and violence. Many American citizens placed their gullible opinions towards Lenin and much contrary to it; Bolsheviks totally displayed their distrust towards Wilson and his Treaty of Versailles.

Same sex schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Same sex schools - Essay Example Although same-sex schools have the advantage over co-ed schools in terms of academic excellence. Its disadvantages outweigh those advantages. For example in female same-sex schools, females don not have to struggle with their gender identities and thus can concentrate on their schooling. Girls no longer have to ask; "is my hair ok How does my makeup look Am I going to look like a geek if I answer another question Do I have to play sports to impress the girls" (Fidelman) In contrast, adolescents in co-ed schools are always flooded with these issues on their mind instead of concentrating on their academic lessons which should be the most essential task (Fidelman). However, the disadvantages of same-sex schools are far more plenty than its advantages. Schools should be a training ground to enable the students to be ready for the real world. In the real world, not only female dominate the world. In same-sex schools, emphasis is usually on female role model. The students' role models for best teachers are female, their role models for best athletes are female and the list goes on. Furthermore, single sex education is inconsistent with the goals of this nation's public school system to develop an educated population able to transcend barriers of race and gender in society" (Single sex education is an unwise policy).

Musical Genre Classification of Audio Signals Essay Example for Free

Musical Genre Classification of Audio Signals Essay Musical genres are categorized by human. It depends on human hearing. There are common characteristics shared by categories. These characteristics are related to instrumentation, rhythmic structure, and harmonic content of the music. Currently many music is still classified by manually. Automated system for musical genre classification can assist or replace manual work for classifying musical genre. In this paper, the automatic classification of audio signals into hierarchy of musical genres is explored. Three feature sets for representing timbral texture, rhythmic content and pitch content are proposed. Also propose classification through two-times KNN classification method and show enhancement of accuracy. Using two-time KNN classification method increases accuracy about 5% than one-time ++++KNN classification which two-time KNN classification accuracy is 77.9% and one-time KNN classification accuracy is 73.3%. Index Terms – Music classification, feature extraction, wavelets, KNN classification Table of Contents I. II. Introduction Music Modeling Genre Segmentation III. Feature Extraction A. Timbral Texture Features i. ii. iii. iv. B. Spectral shape features Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) Texture window Low-Energy features Rhythmic Features C. Pitch Content Features IV. Classification V. Evaluation and Discussion VI. References I. Introduction Musical genres are categorized by human. It depends on human hearing. There are common characteristics shared by categories. These characteristics are related to instrumentation, rhythmic structure, and harmonic content of the music. Genre classification is magnified when music industry moved from CD to web. In web music is distributed in large amount so importance of genre classification is magnified. Currently many music is still classified by manually. Automated system for musical genre classification can assist or replace manual work for classifying musical genre. In era of web, it enabled to access large amount of all kinds of data such as music, movies, news and so on. Music database has been grown exponentially since first perceptual coders early in the 90’s. As database grows it demanded tools that can enable search, retrieve and handle large amount of data. Classifying musical genre was great tool for searching, retrieving and handling large music data base [1-3]. There are several more method such as music emotion classification [4], beat tracking [5], preference recommendation [6], and etc.. Musical genres classification (MGC) are created and used for categorized and describe music. Musical genre has no precise definitions or boundaries because it is categorized by human hearing. Musical genres classification are highly related to public marketing, historical and cultural factors. Different countries and organizations have different genre lists, and they even define the same genre with different definitions. So it is hard to define certain genres precisely. There is not an official specification of music genre until now. There are about 500 to 800 genres in music [7, 8]. Some researchers suggested the definition of musical genres classification [9]. After several attempt to define musical genres researchers figured out that it shares certain characteristics such as instrumentation, rhythmic structure, and pitch content. Genre hierarchies were created by human experts and they are currently used to classify music in the web. Auto MGC can provide automating classifying process and provide important component for complete music information. The most significant proposal to specifically deal with this task was released in 2002 [3]. S everal strategies dealing with related problems have been proposed in research areas. In this paper, automatic musical genre classification is proposed showed in Figure 1. For feature extraction, three sets of features for representing instrumentation (timberal), rhythmic content and pitch content are proposed. Figure 1 Automatic Musical Genre Classification II. Music Modeling Genre Segmentation An untrained and non-expert person can detect the genre of a song with accuracy of 72% by hearing three-second segmentation of the song [11]. However computer is not design like human brain so it can’t process MGC like human. Despite whole song may somehow influence the representativeness of feature, using whole song can extract most of features that music has. Also to extract short segment of music for automation system is unsuited for the purpose because difficulty of finding exact time of music that represents genre of music. Without research finding certain section of music representing its characteristic using whole song to modeling is proper way to MGC. There are too many music genres used in web [7, 8]. Classification genre has to be simplified and in this paper proposed genres which are popular used in MP3 players in the market. Figure 2 Taxonomy of Music Genre III. Feature Extraction Feature extraction is the process of computing numerical representation that can be used to characterize segment of audio and classify its genre. Digital music file contains data sampled from analog audio signal. It has huge data size compared to its actual information. Features are thus extracted from audio signal to obtain more meaningful information and reduce the over-loading processing. For feature extraction three sets of features for representing instrumentation (timberal), rhythmic content and pitch content will be used [3]. 1. Timbral Texture Features The features used to represent timbre texture are based on the features proposed in  speech recognition. The following specific features are usually used to represent timbre texture. â‘   Spectral shape features [1-3] Spectral shape features are computed directly from the power spectrum of an audio signal frame, describing the shape and characteristics of the power spectrum. The calculated features are based on the short time Fourier transform (STFT) and are calculated for every short-time frame of sound. There are several ways to extract feature with spectral shape feature. 1. Spectral centroid is centroid of the magnitude spectrum of STFT and its measure of spectral brightness.

Ch. 10 project- Booker T. Washington :: essays research papers

Booker Taliaferro was born a mix slave in Franklin Country on 5th April, 1856. His father was a white man who and no one knew who he was and his mother the slave of James Burroughs. His mother married the slave Washington Ferguson. When Booker entered school he took the name of his stepfather and became known as Booker T. Washington. After emancipation, his family was so poor that he worked in factories and mines at the age of nine. When he was 16 his parents allowed him to quit work to go to school. They had no money to help him so he walked 200 miles to attend the Hampton Institute in Virginia and paid his tuition and board there by working as the janitor. The principal of the institute was Samuel Armstrong an who was against slavery and had been commander of African American troops during the Civil War. Armstrong believed that it was important that the freed slaves received an education. Armstrong was impressed with Washington and arranged for his tuition to be paid for by a wealthy white man. Booker T. Washington carried on this idea and later he would teach in his home town, then at the Hampton Institute, and then in 1881, he founded the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute in Tuskegee, Alabama. As head of the Institute, he traveled the country unceasingly to raise funds from blacks and whites both; soon he became a well-known speaker. In 1895, Washington was asked to speak at the opening of the Cotton States Exposition, a good thing for an African American. His Atlanta Compromise speech explained his idea, that blacks could protect their rights through their own economic and moral progress rather than through legal and political changes. Although his calm stand angered some blacks who feared it would encourage the enemy of equal rights, whites approved of his views. His major achievement was to win over diverse elements among southern whites, without whose support the programs he thought and brought into being would have been impossible.

Public bank management Essay

1.Introductions The model of the Five Competitive Forces was developed by Michael E. Porter that becomes an important tool for analysing an organizations industry structure instrategic processes. This model is applicable to the banking industry. Public Bank do compete with the other financial institution in Malaysia, however they also must cooperate with one another in many respects. There is an underlying problem which is the banks in Malaysia are so similar that there is essentially nothing one of them can do that the others cannot easily duplicate 2. Five Forces Analysis a. Threats of new entrants Malaysia has not put a barrier to entry for any financial institution manly banks in Malaysia, thus making it easy for any financial institution to penetrate into the industry. b. Bargaining power of suppliers a bank has three suppliers of its product, money: 1. Its depositors has no bargaining power whatever in reality. If they make time deposits the bank will set the price or interest rate it will pay. 2. The credit market the credit market as a source of supply of the raw material, money, is open to all at all time if they are qualified participants. The source of supply can be argued to be infinite. 3. The central bank The Central bank is effectively the resource of last resort. Apparently, at least for the moment, it will continue to supply liquidity to the banking system in virtually unlimited quantities at very reasonable cost. c. Bargaining power of buyers In the banking industry, customer have has very limited bargaining power. However the customers may option in changing to other banks that they think is offering a better offer than Public Bank. c. Threat of substitute product For the most part there is no real threat of substitute products in the banking industry. However there probably will be continues evolution of  products from paper to electronic in coming years. This is an area of potential competition for whomever banks that choose to use it in their services. d. Rivalry among competitors Generally all banks offer somewhat the same products and services to their customers, thus there is not much differentiation between Public Banks and the other competitors. This is making the competition much higher. Public Bank is actually ranked as the top banks earners in Malaysia in 2009 alongside with Maybank, Bumiputra Commerce, RHB Capital and Hong Leong Bank. 3. Table 1: Method used to identify opportunity and threat for Public Bank using external environment factors and industrial environment factors.(Factors under industry environment are derived from Porters Five Forces). 4. Opportunities 1. Economic growth Malaysia had definitely have been more economically stable and improving, thus financial institution such as Public Bank are needed to aid the overall development of the country. 2. Government policy Encouraging borrowings, loans, investment and consumption demand. 3. Awards and accolades Through recognition, Public Bank can project a positive image to their customers 4. Market share Public Bank has the highest market share for the private sector unit trust business, thus having a larger customer base. 5.  Low switching cost Nowadays it is easy for any customer to switch to other banks with just a click away, making the switching cost to be faster and cheaper, making it easy for the customers to switch to Public Bank. 5. Threats 1. Substitute product/service are available There is a potential competition to whomever banks that choose to upgrade their product and services to cater to their customers need. Maybank for example provide a customer friendly interface through their website www.maybank2u.com, and it became the most visited website in Malaysia. 2.Substitute performance Maybank, Bumiputra Commerce, RHB Capital and Hong Leong Bank are Public Bank competitors and each is recognized for their performance. This will make the competition even higher. 3. Customer switching cost Other than being an opportunity, switching cost can also be a threat for Public Bank as the customers can also easily switch to other financial institution. 4. Government legal& barriers There are no barriers that the government put for any legal financial institution to enter in the industry, making any new entrants penetrate into the market share easily. 5. Exit barriers High exit barriers in the industry are making the competition between Public Bank and the other competitors are even higher. 6. Conclusion Porter Five Forces Model are used to identify how the forces affect the attractiveness and profitability of Public Bank, and through this forces, the factors that influence these forces are used in the table 1, to identify Public Bank opportunities and threats. By identifying Public Banks industry environment, the company can improve and sustain their product and services for their customer, ultimately improving their performance.

Biography of Granville T. Woods, American Inventor

Granville T. Woods (April 23, 1856–Jan. 30, 1910) was a black inventor so successful that he was sometimes referred to as The Black Edison. He dedicated his lifes work to developing a variety of inventions, many relating to the railroad industry. By the time of his early death at age 53, Woods had invented 15 appliances for electric railways and received nearly 60 patents, many related to the railroad industry. Fast Facts: Granville T. Woods Known For: Highly successful black inventorAlso Known As: The Black EdisonBorn: April 23, 1856 in Columbus, Ohio or AustraliaParents: Tailer and Martha Woods or Martha J. Brown and Cyrus WoodsDied: Jan. 30, 1910 in New York, New YorkNotable Invention: Synchronous Multiplex Railway Telegraph Early Life Granville T. Woods was born on April 23, 1856. Most reports indicate he was born in Columbus, Ohio, the son of Tailer and Martha Woods, and that he and his parents were free African-Americans by virtue of the  Northwest Ordinance  of 1787, which prohibited slavery from the territory that included what would become the state of Ohio. However, Rayvon Fouchà © wrote in a Woods biography that, based on census records, Woods death certificate, and journalistic accounts published in the 1890s, Woods was born in Australia and apparently moved to Columbus at a young age. Some biographies list his parents as Martha J. Brown and Cyrus Woods. Early Career Most sources agree that Woods had little formal education, leaving school at age 10 to work as an apprentice, studying to be a machinist and a blacksmith, and literally learning his skills on the job. Woods held a variety of positions in his early teens, including working as an engineer in a railroad machine shop and on a British ship, in a steel mill, and as a railroad worker. While working, Woods took courses in fields such as engineering and electronics, realizing that education was essential to developing the skills he would need to express his creativity with machinery.​  Some reports say he had up to two years of college course training in either electrical or mechanical engineering or both, possibly in an East Coast college from 1876 to 1878. In 1872, Woods obtained a job as a fireman on the Danville and Southern railroad in Missouri, eventually becoming an engineer and studying electronics in his spare time. In 1874, he moved to Springfield, Illinois, and worked in a rolling mill. Four years later, he took a job aboard the British steamer Ironsides. Within two years, he became its chief engineer. Settling Down His travels and experiences finally led him to settle in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he dedicated himself to modernizing the railroad and its equipment. Woods invented more than a dozen devices to improve electric railway cars and other devices for controlling the flow of electricity. His most noted invention at this point was a system for letting a train engineer know how close his train was to others, which helped reduce collisions. He also developed a system for overhead electric conducting lines for railroads, which aided in the development of overhead railroad systems in cities such as Chicago, St. Louis, and New York. Woods eventually set up his own business, the Woods Electrical Co., in Cincinnati to develop, manufacture, and sell electrical apparatus. In his early 30s, he became interested in thermal power and steam-driven engines. He filed his first patent for an improved steam boiler furnace in 1889. His later patents were mainly for electrical devices. He also developed the Synchronous Multiplex Railway Telegraph, which allowed communications between train stations and moving trains. This made it possible for trains to communicate with stations and other trains so everyone knew exactly where the trains were at all times. Among his other inventions were an automatic air brake used to slow or stop trains and an electric car that was powered by overhead wires. It used a third rail system to keep the cars running on the right tracks. Other Inventors Telephone inventor Alexander Graham Bells company, American Bell Telephone Co., purchased the rights to  Woods patent on an apparatus that combined a telephone and a telegraph. The device, which Woods called â€Å"telegraphony,† allowed a telegraph station to send voice and telegraph messages over a single wire. Proceeds from the sale gave Woods the luxury of being a full-time inventor. Success led to lawsuits. One was filed by famed inventor Thomas Edison, who sued Woods on a claim that he, Edison, was the inventor of the multiplex telegraph. Woods eventually won the court battle, but Edison didnt give up easily when he wanted something. Trying to win over Woods and his inventions, Edison offered Woods a prominent position in the engineering department of Edison Electric Light Co. in New York. Woods declined, preferring to maintain his independence. Early in his career during the summer of 1881, Woods contracted smallpox, which was in its last years as a major health threat in the United States. The often fatal illness sidelined Woods for nearly a year and left him with chronic kidney and liver disease that might have played a role in his early death. He suffered a stroke on Jan. 28, 1910, and died at Harlem Hospital in New York two days later. During his smallpox illness, Woods was quoted as saying he had to take extreme measures to support his family. Another reference, in 1891, mentioned that he was being sued for divorce. Generally, though, newspaper accounts referred to Woods as being a bachelor. Legacy Granville T. Woods dozens of inventions and patents made life easier and safer for countless Americans, especially when it came to railroad travel. When he died, he had become an admired and well-respected inventor, having sold a number of his devices to such industrial giants as Westinghouse, General Electric, and American Engineering. Decades later, many of his other patents have been assigned to major manufacturers of electrical equipment that play a substantial role in daily life. To the world, he was known as the Black Thomas Edison, and his numerous inventions and improvements to existing technology seem to support that characterization. Sources Granville T. Woods:  1856–1910.Encyclopedia.com.Granville T. Woods. Biography.com.Granville T. Woods. AfricanAmericanHistoryOnline.com.Granville T. Woods. Famous Black Inventors.